Category Archives: Battle of Teutoburger Wald

Campaigns of Germanicus – recapture the eagle

The disaster at Teutoburger Wald was decisive only insofar as it drove the Romans back across the Rhine. The German tribes lacked the capacity to follow-up and were in any event satisfied with regaining their autonomy. Despite a few forays which amounted to little strategically but got the by Tiberius, w future emperor a Triumph, the Romans stayed behind the safety of the river. They were still profoundly shocked by Varus’s defeat, and the Empire could not spare the resources to mount a major invasion into German territory. Both sides therefore, watched each other warily but in relative comfort. But history suggests that Romans, like elephants, never forget, and they would be back. It would not be Tiberius who would lead the Roman retaliation but Germanicus, the great nephew of Augustus and adopted son of Tiberius.

For our 3rd game in the campaign we try to represent the recapture of the Eagle of the XIX. The format of the game was far more ‘straight up’ than in the previous two games. The roman field was formed up arrayed for battle. There were 7 objective dotted around the table, 3 of these would be potential spots for the Eagle. Each of these 3 would give the Romans a 33% of winning the game. Anything else would be a German victory. The other 4 would have some random effect on the game, because I like the moans and groans of that this generates.

In 14AD the Senate appointed Germanicus to take command of the armies on the Rhine at a time when the soldiers were in a state of mutiny. The major issues were the terms and conditions of service, including a brutal disciplinary regime. Germanicus was highly popular with the rank and file, and he solved the crisis through appeals to loyalty and selective purges of mutineers. He also adopted the tried and trusted method of leading his into the troops out field. Their target was the completely unsuspecting Marsi. Germanicus advanced with a caution that might have saved Varus had he adopted the same methods. He made sure the route was properly scouted and that his flanks and rear were well protected at all times. For the attacking Germans, ambushing a rabble was one thing, but taking on a disciplined Roman army quite another. Despite their best efforts to cause disruption, the frantic warriors could not break the Roman formations and were quite easily repulsed Germanicus laid waste to a broad swathe of German territory before returning to winter quarters. The following spring Germanicus was back, this time pushing into Chatti territory. Through the ame methodical approach, he captured and burned their capital and dispersed the survivors. Germanicus split his forces and gave command of the smaller army to Aulus Caecina who promptly defeated the Cherusci

 germ1The Romans deploy preparing to search for the eagle

Probably seeing the writing on the wall, Arminius’s besieged rival chieftain Segestes who appealed to Germanicus for relief. The Roman commander was happy to oblige and rescued Segestes along with much of the plunder taken from Varus, and captured Arminius’s wife. For this and his general success, Germanicus was given the title Imperator. Arminius, on the other hand, was incensed at this personal and military setback and exhorted the tribes to redouble their efforts against the Romans. The prospect of the German tribes reunifying under a rejuvenated Arminius alarmed Germanicus. He therefore decided to hit the Germans while they were mobilizing. He ordered Caecina to march through the Bructeri and instructed the cavalry commander Pedo to attack the Frisii Germanicus put four legions on board ships and sailed through the lakes to meet his subordinate commanders at the River Amisia. Once that was affected, he despatched flying a column under Lucius Sertinus against the Bructeri. In a lightning campaign he routed the German tribe and in doing so recaptured the lost Eagle of Legion XIX.

germ2

The Germans slowly appear out of the mist

Germanicus followed up with another destructive march through German territory in the region of the Teutoburger Wald. With no local opposition in the area, Germanicus took the opportunity to visit the site of the his massacre with army. It was therefore thoroughly sobered Roman army that a set off in pursuit of Arminius. Arminius was a master ambush and proved it again when at Germanicus’s cavalry pursued the Germans across the plains and into the Wald. The retreating warriors suddenly turned joined by others hidden in the woods and fought back the cavalry and an infantry reserve help Only sent to tory the timely arrival of Germanicus with the main army prevented a minor disaster. Seeing no advantage in further pursuit, Germanicus decided to withdraw by boat, but not Caecina and his divisions to march home by way of a narrow road surrounded by as the Long marshes and hills known his ridges. Arminius followed Caecina, waiting for moment to pounce. Caecina’s predicament was that he was in hostile territory surrounded by a fearsome enemy, and his path home urgent repairs. He hunkered down while his own engineers set to work under armed protection. The Germans skirmished relentlessly with the Romans, trying to get at the engineers. They had the advantage of being more lightly armoured than the Romans, as well as knowing the terrain

germ3The battle lines form.

Probably seeing the writing on the wall, Arminius’s besieged rival chieftain Scgestes who appealed to Germanicus for relief. The Roman commander was happy to oblige and rescued Segestes along with much of the plunder taken from Varus, and captured Arminius’s wife. For this and his general success, Germanicus was given the title Imperator. Arminius, on the other hand, was incensed at this personal and military setback and exhorted the tribes to redouble their efforts against the Romans.

germ4A large clash of arms in the centre

The prospect of the German tribes reunifying under a rejuvenated Arminius alarmed Germanicus. He therefore decided to hit the Germans while they were mobilizing. He ordered Caecina to march through the Bructeri and instructed the cavalry commander Pedo to attack the Frisii. Germanicus put four legions on board ships and sailed through the lakes to meet his subordinate commanders at the River Amisia. Once that was effected, he despatched flying a column under Lucius Stertinus against the Bructeri. In a lightning campaign, he routed the German tribe and in doing so recaptured the lost Eagle of Legion XIX. Germanicus followed up with another destructive march through German territory in the region of the Teutoburger Wald. With no local opposition in the area, Germanicus took the opportunity to visit the site of the massacre with his army. It was therefore thoroughly sobered Roman army that a set off in pursuit of Arminius.

germ5

Arminius was a master ambush and proved it again when at Germanicus’s cavalry pursued the Germans across the plains and into the Wald. The retreating warriors suddenly turned joined by others hidden in the woods and fought back the cavalry and an infantry reserve help. Only the timely arrival of Germanicus with the main army prevented a minor disaster. Seeing no advantage in further pursuit Germanicus decided to withdraw by boat, but not Caecina and his divisions to march home by way of a narrow road surrounded by marshes and hills known the Long Bridges. Arminius followed Caecina, waiting for moment to pounce.

As a brief synopsis of our game. One of the random event was that the Germans we’re allowed an ambush as a largely undetermined position. This turned out to be right in the middle of the roman lines. The 3 large warbands were outnumbered, but could dealt a lot of damage and potentially dishearten the Romans. However, the dice determined that the Romans were not to be trifled with and this large ambush was swept away for no lose, and the Romans could advance unimpeded.  In FoG:AM the Germans are at at 16% disadvantage. During the initial clash they are evens, but they then suffer for the remainder of the melee. They have to be lucky initially otherwise they will be ground down by the Roman mincing machine. Largely the Germans were not lucky, and with much wailing and gnashing of teeth the Romans held them back and slowly destroyed there barbarian foes. The scenario rules meant that the Germans would fight on past there normal army break, while the Romans had to be precious about their loses.

After 3 hours the Romans has captured 2 of the 3 objectives where the Eagle would be found.  After much slaughter the Germans felt aggrieved (seemingly forgetting the joyous destruction of the Romans in the earlier games)… However, when it came to see who had won the game. The dice was thrown …  1-4 (2 objectives) Roman win, 5-5 (1 objective) German victory. The dice came up 6. German victory.

So in our campaign the Germans are 3 games up to none

Notable highlights.

  • Lynnette throwing double six , followed by a successive 11 to kill both of Peters generals in the melee. Despite this set back Pete was the only German player to cause the Legions any inconvenience.
  • Simon who excelled himself with his moaning at his lot in the game. Noted for his moaning, he went above and beyond in his pursuance to find misery in a club game 😉

 

 

Escape from Aliso – Germania scenario

Today we played out our 2nd game in the Germania mini campaign. This time it was the escape from Aliso. After being besieged the Romans realise there isn’t much hope of holding out in hostile territory and try to break out under the cover of darkness. The scenario was based on the Warlord games Germania supplement. Our game followed the following format.

The Romans deployed in column leaving the fort.

Leaving-Aliso

The Germans has 4 forces. Each represented by a playing card deployed in ambush. There were another 6 cards that were ‘dummies’.

german-positions

After the Germans had played all the Cards then (knowing where the their deployment was) the Romans players got to exchange 2 cards and move 3 to add a it of fog of war, simulating the confusion of manoeuvring at night. When a roman units got to within 8” the card would be revealed and troops deployed if necessary. Once deployed there was further random event to represent the drifting away of the German tribe during the siege. For each units a dice was rolled , on a 6 they vanished into the dark thinking better of it. On a 1 they were poorly motivated (or drunk), for these we treated them as poor troops. So 33% of each units having some adverse effect.

roman-column

There were some house rules. The Romans were allowed to always do a march move while in a single wide column. With a general they could do at 3rd match move too. The goal of the Romans was to escape and all their victory points would come units leaving the table from the furthest road exit. A tough assignment.

marching-on

The whole table we treated as uneven, with a few patches of clear space and few patches of denser wood. This was in an attempt to balance the fact that in FoG:AM barbarian warriors don’t have much of chance against the legions. (Uneven gives HF disorder). All the Germans were classed as MF. All troops were average, apart from a couple of units of veteran legionaries.

The forces were –

Germans
24 Battle groups of German warriors each with 12 bases
Romans
18 battle groups of Roman Legionaries each with 6 bases
3 battle groups of Veteran Roman Legionaries each with 4 bases

One further random event was , if the Ace of Spades was uncovered panic set in amongst the Romans ranks. Each units must dice , on 6 they too would disappear into the woods thinking they could slip way without anyone noticing .

first-ambush

Of the events, 3 German units were made poor, and another 3 removed. The Ace was revealed and the Romans disastrously lost 5 units to rolls of 6. Critically 3 units right in the centre

When the fighting began it seemed that the Romans had no will to fight (dicing terribly) but the Germans troop quality help then out. When time was called the Romans had lost 5 Bgs and 2 civilian units. The Germans has lost 5 in the battle. The game scoring meant that the Germans got points equal to the difference in BG casualties. So 3 points. The Romans didn’t get any off table (3 pts each)… so a 3-0 if that means anything. It seemed like a narrow victory to the Germans.

surrounded

Interesting playing Hail Caesar the players had a far more easy going approach to the game. When playing FoG:AM which is normally the standards for ‘pick up’ or competition games it felt a little more tense. With a lot of random variables there was a lot of cursing and gnashing of teeth when everyone’s plan fell apart. The first game we played was in some ways easier to run , and everyone has a equal share in the battle. This time it seemed that random events meant that some players has more or less to do, which is probably not a good thing. I deliberately picked lower level quality troops then would normally be used in ‘pick up’ games with less generals to try and cut down on the exploitive moves and prolonged melee that can occur between high quality armies. In the end I’m not sure if we had too many random events. I wanted to get a sense of ‘loss of control’, and try to get players to react to an adverse situation. However, I’m not sure that made for such a fun game.

We timed out after 3 hours, with a reasonable result to call.

Battle of Teutoburger Wald – Escape from Aliso

I’m looking for some willing participants to play in the second scenario from the Hail Caesar – Germania book

Battle_of_Teutoburg

Escape from Aliso

The valour of Lucius Caedicius, prefect of the camp, deserves praise, and of those who, pent up with him at Aliso, were besieged by an immense force of Germans. For, overcoming all their difficulties which want rendered unendurable and the forces of the enemy almost insurmountable, following a design that was carefully considered, and using a vigilance that was ever on the alert, they watched their chance, and with the sword won their way back to their friends.
[Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, 2.120.4;
tr. F.W. Shipley]

Dio tells the story in greater detail  but does not mention the name of the fortress. It must have been a large stronghold (it had a prefect and is called a castra) in the valley of the Lippe. The name Aliso suggests that it is identical with the fortress that Drusus had built near the river Elison, Oberaden; but this had been evacuated in 8 BCE. On the other hand, Aliso is not the same as Elison, and perhaps we are allowed to identify the fortress with Haltern, which perfectly suits Dio’s and Paterculus’ words. It was hastily evacuated: in one of the potter’s pits, at least twenty-four soldiers were buried; weapons were stored away; coins were buried in hoards; much pottery survives intact.

We’ll play this game sing FOG, as I’m not sure everyone enjoyed Hail Caesar, and everyone is familiar with these rules.

Its a slightly smaller game than last time and can accommodate up to 6 players, but I can adjust if necessary.

I would look at Thurs 13th November to playthis.

Please let me know if you are interested.

 

 

 

Battle of Teutoburger Wald – 2005th Anniversary battle

With the club in its 30th year, we’ve been trying to lay on a few game involving most members. The battle of Teutoburger Wald was fought around mid September 9AD, so given the date of the 11th in the Osprey book this seemed a suitable subject for a club game being its 2005th Anniversary. As bit of background –

The name of the Teutoburg Forest in Germany will forever be connected to one of the most famous battles from ancient history,the defeat of the Roman general Varus. In September 9 CE, a coalition of Germanic tribes, led by a nobleman named Arminius, defeated the Seventeenth ,Eighteenth, and Nineteenth legions and forced their commander Publius Quintilius Varus to commit suicide. Not much is known on these legions, because of their destruction here, and they may have the surname of possibly Gallica or Germanica. The result of the battle was that Germania remained independent and was never included in the Roman empire

roman2

Varus’ forces included his three legions (Legio XVII, Legio XVIII, and Legio XIX), six cohorts of auxiliary troops (non-citizens or allied troops) and three squadrons of cavalry (alae). Most of these lacked combat experience, both with regards to Germanic fighters, and under the prevalent local conditions. The Roman forces were not marching in combat formation, and were interspersed with large numbers of camp followers. As they entered the forest northeast of Osnabrück, they found the track narrow and muddy. According to Dio Cassius a violent storm had also arisen. He also writes that Varus neglected to send out reconnaissance parties ahead of the main body of troops.

The line of march was now stretched out perilously long — between 15 and 20 kilometers. It was in this state when it came under attack by Germanic warriors. The attackers surrounded the entire Roman army, and rained down javelins on the intruders. Arminius, recalling his education in Rome, understood his enemies’ tactics, and was able to direct his troops to counter them effectively by using locally superior numbers against the dispersed Roman legions. The Romans managed to set up a fortified night camp, and the next morning broke out into the open country north of the Wiehen Hills, near the modern town of Ostercappeln. The break-out was accompanied by heavy losses to the Roman survivors, as was a further attempt to escape by marching through another forested area, as the torrential rains continued. The rain prevented them from using their bows because sinew strings become slack when wet, and rendered them virtually defenceless as their shields also became waterlogged.

Reconstruction of the improvised fortifications prepared by the Germanic tribes for the final phase of the Varus battle near Kalkrieseroman
The Romans undertook a night march to escape, but marched into another trap that Arminius had set, at the foot of Kalkriese Hill. There, a sandy, open strip on which the Romans could march was constricted by the hill, so that there was a gap of only about 100 meters between the woods and the swampland at the edge of the Great Bog. The road was further blocked by a trench, and, towards the forest, an earthen wall had been built along the roadside, permitting the Germanic tribesmen to attack the Romans from cover. The Romans made a desperate attempt to storm the wall, but failed, and the highest-ranking officer next to Varus, Legatus Numonius Vala, abandoned the troops by riding off with the cavalry. His retreat was in vain, however, as he was overtaken by the Germanic cavalry and killed shortly thereafter, according to Velleius Paterculus. The Germanic warriors then stormed the field and slaughtered the disintegrating Roman forces. Varus committed suicide, and Velleius reports that one commander, Praefectus Ceionius, shamefully surrendered, then later took his own life, while his colleague Praefectus Eggius heroically died leading his doomed troops.

Our game was based on the 1st scenario from the Germanica book , by Warlord games, ‘Death in the Forest’. We scaled up the force lists, and there were roughly just over 20 units per side. The table was 20’ long by just over 3’ wide. The Roman deployment was random along the length of the road. The randomness dictating where the baggage (valuable objective) would be , and there were some ‘dummy’ locations to enforce the stretched out nature of the Romans march column.

roman-deployment

Once the Romans had been deployed then the Germans were places randomly by section. The table edges broken down into 14 sections and the 7 divisions places upon a die roll.

The rules I selected were Hail Caesar. My own brief being that the game should be able support up to 16 participants (we had a few dropouts and had 9 or 10), and could be set up played to conclusion in a weekday game night (about 3 hours). Hail Caesar is a simple set and most players picked it up quickly without much prior experience.

The game itself played as expected. The first turn the Germans get a free ambush attack while the Romans are in column. This generally meant there was a fight where the Germans rolled 9 dice to the Romans 1! varus-committedThere was a special rule any Roman units that was broken as a result of this change wouldn’t be broken but would instead be reduced down to a ‘small’ unit for the remainder of the game. The net result of this was that of the 20 units only 1 Roman was broken in this way! It may be that we forgot the ‘wild fighters’ reroll for the Germans or the fact that the Romans had a 4,5,6 armour save!!

german-deployment

The second turn meant that the Romans could regroups as best they could and shake out into line (being drilled they always get a free move in the rules)., they could also remove any disorders they received in the prior turn. But still most the legions had taken several ‘hits’ as a result of the ambush charge. Most were well on the way to being at their 6 hits to become shaken (and then thing get bad!)

Tthe-head-of-the-columnhinks weren’t all their way for the Germans. The head of the Romans column had done particularly well, this may be the fact that they had encountered most the German skirmishers, and had driven most off back into the woods

The game was brutal and soon degenerated into localised bloodbaths down the length of the table. The game was always going to be stacked in favour of the Germans and after 3 hours the Romans’ break point was reached. The scenario book did have a pointing system for the result based on unit destruction, capturing baggage and killing commanders.

varus-committedThe final score came in at 169 points to the Germans to 89 for the Romans. A solid German victory

your-generals-dead-steve!

I’m sure we got a lot of the rules wrong, but fun was had by most, and the game seemed to play out OK.

mid-game

Notable Awards go to …

  • Andy and Bob – who used the wrong morale result column for the whole of the game
  • Steve – for committing his one and only commander into combat, Ray then obliged with a 12 and killed him, paralysing a section of the German attack
  • Ray – for losing the Praetorian guards with Varus leading them. A morale roll of 4 , re-rolled because of stubborn veterans , down to the 2!

Club Game – Teutoburg Forest 9AD – 11th September

I’d like to propose a club game to refight the destruction of Varus and his legions in the Teutoburg Forest in 9AD. The date given for the battle is mid-September, and the date in the McNally book is actually the 11st September, so given that is a Thursday this year I suggest that this be the date.

roman

I’m proposing using the more recent evidence from Mjr. T Clunn, which places the battle near modern Kalkriese.

My current thought is that we fight 4 battle simultaneously reflecting the 3 phases of the battle. I’ll use the Osprey titles for each phase as they seem as good as any. They all take place after Varus and his officers commit suicide

An Army at bay.

Lucius Eggius harrassed by the Bructeri passing Kalkriese Berg. Followed by the subsequent ambush by Arminius and the Chercusci.

A second smaller battle of the Numonius Vala and the auxiliary alae being ambushed by the German cavalry after leaving the Felsemfield (Marching camp). This will be a quite small affair, but has some cavalry so adds a bit of colour.

A Desperate Situation

The Germans set up a fortification along a sandy patch that the Romans must cross. The Romans detach 6 cohorts who advance in Testudo to attack the ramparts.

roman2

Death in the Forest.

The remnants of Caeonius & Eggius try to reform and escape.

To do this we would need 8 players. If I can drum up the interest I can flesh out the detail. We would need quite a lot of figures. Probably about 300 stands of Germans – but I have 100. I know Peter has a chunk and Steve most likely.

We’d need about half of that in Romans. But I’m sure we can get that together.

I propose using Hail Caeasar, to make it fast, an get a resolution in an evening.

Please let me know your thoughts.